Part Of Health Life

cerebral palsy

definition

the movement and posture abnormalities that are not progressive, by because of the damage / disruption in cells - motor cells in the central nervous system that is growing / unfinished developments.
(Soetjiningsih. 1998. Growth and development of children. Jakarta: EGC)




etiology

prenatal

Intrauterine infection and syphilis torch
radiation
intrauterine asphyxia placental abruption, placenta previa, maternal anoxia, umbilical abnormalities, bleeding placenta, maternal hypertension
toxemia gravidarum
dic by prenatal death due to among twins

perinatal

anoxia / hypoxia
brain hemorrhage
prematurity
postmaturitas
hyperbilirubinemia
twins

postnatal

head trauma
meningitis / encephalitis that lasted 6 months. first life
toxic heavy metals, co

(Soetjiningsih. 1998. Growth and development of children. Jakarta: EGC)

by Rapin and Allen by patofiologinya divided so:

2 primary expressive

difraksia verbal
phonological production deficit problem

2 deficit repressive and expressive

problem expressive mix - repressive
dysphasia verbal auditory agnosia

2 more severe language deficits

problems lexical - syntactic
problem of semantic - pragmatic

(Soetjiningsih. 1998. Growth and development of children. Jakarta: EGC)


clinical signs

by aram dm and towne of a child suspected of having a problem is found when the language changes the power of the signs - the signs are as follows:

at the age of 6 months. child can not turn eyes and head at the tone coming from the rear or side
at the age of 10 months. children are not members of her own reaction to the call
at the age of 15 months. do not know, and leave comments on words - words do, da - da, and so on
at the age of 18 months. can not call 10 single word
at the age of 24 months. can not call side - the side of the body
at the age of 24 months. have not been able to summon the expression that consists of 2 pieces of words
at the age of 24 months. vocabulary only has very little / no word - the word to phrase the letter z
at the age of 30 months. tida speech can be understood by the family section
at the age of 36 months. can not use the words - simple words
at the age of 36 months. can not ask questions using the words to ask a simple
at the age of 36 months. words are not understood by people outside the family
at the age of 3, 5 years always failed to say the final word (for paint ca, ba for tires, etc.)
after 4-year-old is not smooth talk or stuttering
7-year-old remains after a mistake is made greeting
At what age there hipernasalitas or hiponasalitas real or have endlessly monotonous tone, very loud and could be heard and not constantly let out a throaty tone.

(Soetjiningsih. 1998. Growth and development of children. Jakarta: EGC)

diagnosis

anamnesis
instrument filter

early language milestone scale sufficiently sensitive and specific to identify speech problems in children 3 years.
DDST (ii denver assessment in the language sector than the old DDST)
receptive - expensive emergent language scale

physical control

is there microcephaly, external ear anomalies, recurrent otitis media, william syndrome, cleft palate, etc.
oromotor problems can be checked by asking the children mimicked chewing movements, tongue, and repeat the syllables pa, ta, pa - ta, pa - ta, ka

observation time playing
laboratory control

do hearing tests
if the child is not cooperative on an audiogram or suspicious test results then need done auditory brainstem responses
ct - scan or MRI
in boys - boys with autism and changes very slowly chromosome screening for fragile - time may be required
screening on disease - a new metabolic disease is done when there is any doubt in that direction.

consultation

required if there are language problems and behavioral
story and language tests
cognitive and behavioral strengths
intelligence tests can be used as a comparison of the child cognitive benefits
behavioral problems in check can then use instruments like:

vineland adaptive social revised scale
child behavior checklist
childhood autism rating scale

consult a child psychiatrist is done when there is severe behavior problems
Speech pathologists can evaluate healing step children with speech problems
children can check whether there are anatomical problems that change tone production.